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  TRADITION IN TRANSITION: The Birhor Cultural Landscape                                                         Abstract   This paper presents findings from a two-day ethnographic field visit (May 16–17, 2025) to the Birhor settlements in Kalapatthar and Budhuchak villages, near Giridih district, Jharkhand. The Birhor, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), are undergoing rapid cultural and socioeconomic transitions. Our direct observations, interviews, and informal surveys reveal a community struggling between preserving traditional knowledge—like rope-making and forest-based subsistence—and navigating state-led welfare programs. While some government interventions (housing, LPG distribution, health camps) have reached the ar...