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  TRADITION IN TRANSITION: The Birhor Cultural Landscape                                                         Abstract   This paper presents findings from a two-day ethnographic field visit (May 16–17, 2025) to the Birhor settlements in Kalapatthar and Budhuchak villages, near Giridih district, Jharkhand. The Birhor, a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG), are undergoing rapid cultural and socioeconomic transitions. Our direct observations, interviews, and informal surveys reveal a community struggling between preserving traditional knowledge—like rope-making and forest-based subsistence—and navigating state-led welfare programs. While some government interventions (housing, LPG distribution, health camps) have reached the ar...

  Effects of Using Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides: A Detailed Analysis Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have revolutionized modern agriculture, increasing crop yields and protecting plants from pests and diseases. However, their excessive and indiscriminate use poses significant environmental and health risks. In this article, we will explore the positive and negative effects of using chemical fertilizers and pesticides and suggest sustainable alternatives. 1. Positive Effects of Chemical Fertilizers and Pesticides a. Increased Crop Yield Chemical fertilizers provide essential nutrients like nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) that enhance plant growth, leading to higher yields and better quality produce. b. Pest and Disease Control Pesticides help protect crops from insects, fungi, and weeds, ensuring food security by reducing yield losses. c. Fast Action and Immediate Results Unlike organic fertilizers and biopesticides, chemical solutions work quickly, making...

  Pulses and Cotton Production Programs: Transforming Indian Agriculture Introduction India, one of the largest producers and consumers of pulses and cotton, has recently launched long-term production programs to boost domestic output. These initiatives aim to enhance self-sufficiency, reduce import dependence, and strengthen the agricultural economy. In this article, we explore the objectives, strategies, and expected impact of these ambitious programs. Government’s Focus on Pulses Production Pulses are a crucial component of India's agricultural sector and a staple protein source for millions. However, the country has been relying heavily on imports to meet the growing demand. In response, the Indian government has introduced a six-year pulses production program to: Enhance Yield : Implement modern farming techniques, high-yield seed varieties, and better irrigation systems. Reduce Import Dependence : Minimize reliance on imports from Canada, Myanmar, and Russia. Improve ...

  National Horticulture Fair 2024: A Gateway to Innovation and Sustainable Growth The National Horticulture Fair (NHF) 2024 was a landmark event in India’s agricultural calendar, drawing attention to next-generation technologies and sustainable horticultural practices. Organized by the ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR) from March 5 to 7, 2024 , at its campus in Hesaraghatta, Bengaluru, the event served as a dynamic platform for farmers, researchers, policymakers, and industry professionals to collaborate and explore advancements in the field. Theme and Focus of NHF 2024 This year’s theme, "NextGen Technology-Led Horticulture for Sustainable Development," highlighted the importance of integrating advanced technologies into horticultural practices. The focus was on improving productivity, enhancing resource efficiency, and promoting eco-friendly techniques to ensure long-term sustainability. Key Highlights of the Event NHF 2024 showcased groundbreaking i...

  The Amazing Health Benefits and Medicinal Uses of Cardamom (Elaichi) Introduction Cardamom, commonly known as Elaichi , is a fragrant spice widely used in Indian and Middle Eastern cuisines. Apart from enhancing the flavor of dishes, cardamom boasts numerous medicinal benefits that make it an essential ingredient in traditional and modern medicine. Packed with antioxidants, vitamins, and essential oils, cardamom is a natural remedy for various health concerns. In this article, we explore the good effects and medicinal benefits of cardamom and how it can contribute to overall well-being. Nutritional Profile of Cardamom Cardamom is loaded with essential nutrients such as: Antioxidants : Helps in fighting free radicals. Vitamins : Contains Vitamin C, riboflavin, and niacin. Minerals : Rich in potassium, magnesium, and iron. Essential Oils : Includes cineole, limonene, and terpinene, known for their therapeutic properties. Health Benefits of Cardamom 1. Improves Digesti...